Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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In the 1960s the United States claimed its
place as the world's leading defender against communism. But by the end of the decade, the
nation was convulsed by dissent, riot, assassination and an increasingly unpopular war.
HAVES/HAVE
NOTS
In 1960, John F. Kennedy
-- who seemed to many the embodiment of a new age -- was elected president of the United States.
Kennedy had attacked President Eisenhower's conduct of the Cold War and promised to defend the
free world against communism. He increased the U.S. military budget, creating thousands more defense
industry jobs.
But while the U.S. economy was booming, the good life was not available to all
Americans. In many Southern states, laws prevented blacks and whites from traveling together, eating
together, or even going to the same school. Black Americans were denied jobs and the right to vote.
Civil rights activists held peaceful demonstrations -- but were often beaten and jailed just the
same.
Gov. George Wallace of Alabama saw the growing civil rights movement as part of a communist
conspiracy -- a view shared privately by FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. Discrimination against blacks
-- covered extensively on television -- damaged America's credibility as freedom's champion
in the Cold War.
In fact other people in the government suspected that the civil rights movement
might be part of some internal communist conspiracy and on the orders of Robert Kennedy, Dr. Kings
hotel rooms were bugged. Post cards were circulated showing Dr. King at a, “supposedly,”
communist meeting. Of course, none of this was true but it fed into the fear that Americans had about
communism abroad and at home.
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John F. Kennedy
George Wallace, Governor of
Alabama | | |
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1.
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John F. Kennedy was known as
the “Peace” candidate yet he _____ the defense budget in the U.S. in contradiction to his
image.
a. | increased | c. | eliminated | b. | decreased | d. | exploited |
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2.
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Who was director of the FBI in
the early 1960’s
a. | George
Wallace | c. | Orville
Faubus | b. | J. Edgar Hoover | d. | Bob McNamara |
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3.
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George Wallace was a _____ who
fought _____ in the early 60’s
a. | libertarian -
segregation | c. | integrationist -
segregation | b. | Democrat - segregation | d. | segregationist - integration |
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4.
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How did some feel the civil
rights movement hurt the U.S. in the war against communism.
a. | the civil rights movement helped to
put spies in the Defense Department | c. | the movement made LBJ look like a
segregationist. | b. | the civil rights movement hurt the image of the U.S. around the world and made
it look just as bad as the Soviet Union | d. | resources were taken away from civil defense to pay for the civil rights
movement. |
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THE GREAT
SOCIETY
Kennedy was
assassinated in November 1963. His successor, Lyndon Johnson, had a vision of the Great Society.
Central to that vision was a war against poverty and the abolition of racial discrimination. Johnson
was able to pass the Civil Rights Act in 1964 -- and later that year won an easy victory against his
Republican opponent, Sen. Barry Goldwater, who denounced Johnson's Great Society as creeping
socialism.
Johnson was an old FDR Democrat and he wanted to put in place many programs to help
the poor in America. Medicare and Medicade were two of his programs. In those days the Southern
Democrats had control of the Congress and usually blocked pro civil rights laws. Johnson had been
Majority Leader in the Senate before he became Vice President under Kennedy. He knew how to control
the Southern politicians and was able to get pro civil rights laws through the Congress. Johnson had
a vision for America but once he got bogged down in the Vietnam war he was never able to fully
implement his vision
Meanwhile, dissent was flourishing on America's campuses. At the
University of California at Berkeley, students borrowed the tactics of the Civil Rights Movement,
organizing strikes and sit-ins.
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Johnson sworn into office after Kennedy’s
assassination
Lyndon Johnson and his vision for
America | | |
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5.
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What did President Johnson call
his vision for America?
a. | The New
Deal | c. | The Great
Society | b. | The Square Deal | d. | The Free Society |
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6.
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What was Lyndon Johnson’s
job in the Kennedy administration?
a. | Vice
President | c. | Minority Leader of
the Senate | b. | Majority Leader of the Senate | d. | Speaker of the House |
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7.
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Who was the Republican who ran
against Lyndon Johnson in 1964?
a. | Hubert
Humphry | c. | Barry
Goldwater | b. | Bobby Kennedy | d. | Gene McCarthy |
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8.
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Why was it so hard to get civil
rights laws through the Congress?
a. | Congress was controlled by the
Republicans | c. | Congress cared
more for national defense than civil rights | b. | Congress was controlled by the Southern
Democrats | d. | The KKK controlled
Congress |
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9.
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Lyndon Johnson never did get
all of the Great Society programs enacted. Why not?
a. | The Vietnam War made him loose the
support of the American people | c. | The Republicans ganged up on him | b. | Barry Goldwater blocked the Great
Society. | d. | FDR was against the Great
Society |
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SEX and WAR
American ideals of political freedom were now being extended into the personal
realm. The availability of new birth control such as "The Pill" revolutionized many
peoples' views on sexual behavior. Many women burned their bra’s, they demanded equal pay
for equal work and they rebelled against being treated as “sex objects.” The National
Organization for Women was started by Betty Friedan
In 1965, Johnson began sending U.S. ground
troops to Vietnam. Despite the extension of the military draft, Johnson's efforts in Vietnam
enjoyed popular support. In the early 60’s people could easily see the connection between the
war in Vietnam and the larger cold war. People believed the “Domino Theory”
In the
early 60’s the United States was on the verge of tremendous social, political and ethical
changes that would come later in the decade. Few people saw it coming | | | |
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10.
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President Johnson was very
_____ in the early 1960’s
a. | ill | c. | unpopular | b. | hated | d. | popular |
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11.
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What did the Woman’s
Movement indicate about the 1960’s?
a. | The rest of the decade would be
quiet once women got their demands | c. | Woman would calm down as soon as they let off a little
steam | b. | The nation was going to experience some radical changes in the coming
years. | d. | Woman longed for the “good old
50’s” |
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12.
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Who started the National
Organization for Women (NOW)?
a. | Jackie
Kennedy | c. | Betty
Friedan | b. | President Johnson | d. | Hillary Clinton |
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COUNTERCULTURE
While some Americans went off to war in Vietnam, others were challenging what
was termed "the Establishment." The Establishment was all forms of authority. They rejected
materialism -- not for communism but instead for love, peace, drugs and rock 'n' roll. All
over the United States, young men of draft age were turning on, tuning in and dropping out. These
counter culture young people were called, “hippies” by some.
A vast majority of
America spurned the new counterculture. But protests against the war were growing -- with marches and
draft-card burnings. Meanwhile, America's war in Vietnam dragged on. By 1967, 500,000 U.S.
soldiers were there. |
 Burning draft cards
in defiance of the Establishment | | |
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13.
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What was the counter culture
for?
a. | the
Establishment | c. | sex, drugs and
rock and roll | b. | the war in Vietnam | d. | communism |
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14.
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The counterculture was a
symptom of
a. | social
unrest | c. | cultured
society | b. | social stability | d. | peace and stability |
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15.
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Which statement is
true?
a. | Most Americans supported the
counterculture | c. | A majority of the
young people were “turning on and dropping out” | b. | Most Americans were in support of the hippies because they
were their own kids | d. | A majority of Americans did not
support the counter culture movement |
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16.
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By 1967, how many soldiers were
fighting in Vietnam
a. | 100,000 | c. | 50,000 | b. | 1,000,000 | d. | 500,000 |
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DISCONTENT
In America's inner cities, some black activists
trained as paramilitaries in what they saw as a civil war against a racist police force. Led by Huey
Newton, they called themselves the Black Panthers. The Panthers murdered a school superintendent in
Oakland. By the summer of 1967, discontent boiled over into riots in several major U.S. cities. By
March 1968, with a growing war in Vietnam and conflict at home, Johnson declared he would not run for
a second term as president.
1968 also saw the killings of two prominent Americans. Civil rights
activist Martin Luther King Jr. was shot dead by a white gunman. Several weeks later, Robert Kennedy
-- brother of the late president and himself a presidential candidate -- was killed while campaigning
in California To many it looked like the United States was on the verge of a
revolution.
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Black Panther
Huey Newton Visits Communist China | | |
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17.
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Who was leader of the Black
Panther Party?
a. | J. Edgar
Hoover | c. | Malcom
X | b. | Huey
Newton | d. | Angela Davis |
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18.
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The Black Panthers were
a. | anti
American | c. | anti
establishment | b. | pro Communist | d. | all of these |
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19.
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President Johnson decided not
to run for a second term because Bobby Kennedy and martin Luther King were
assassinated.
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20.
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After the assassination of Dr.
King there were major riots in many American cities
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Democrat Convention
1968
CRACKDOWN
In August 1968, Democratic Party delegates arrived in Chicago to pick their
candidate for the November presidential elections. Along with the delegates came about 100,000
anti-war demonstrators. The protesters gathered in city parks in preparation for a march on the
convention hall. But Chicago Mayor Richard Daley had no intention of allowing them to take over the
convention . On the day the Democrats were due to nominate their presidential candidate, the
demonstrators battled with police.
The situation inside the convention hall was also combative.
Supporters of anti-war candidate Eugene McCarthy were prevented from debating the war. Vice President
Hubert Humphry became the Democratic presidential candidate. With a promise to crack down on
lawlessness, his Republican opponent, Richard Nixon, won the November elections by less than 1
percent of the vote. The Cold War, and the war in Vietnam, would
continue
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21.
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At what convention did the
Chicago riots take place”
a. | Democrat
convention | c. | SDS
convention | b. | Republican convention | d. | Mayors convention |
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22.
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Who was nominated by the
Democrats to run for president in 1968
a. | Richard
Nixon | c. | Gene
McCarthy | b. | Hubert Humphry | d. | Bobby Kennedy |
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23.
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Who was nominated by the
Republicans to run for president in 1968
a. | Richard
Nixon | c. | Gene
McCarthy | b. | Hubert Humphry | d. | Dwight Eisenhower |
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24.
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Who won the election and was
elected President of the U.S. in 1968?
a. | Hubert
Humphry | c. | Dwight
Eisenhower | b. | Richard Nixon | d. | Lyndon Johnson |
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25.
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Why didn’t Lyndon Johnson
run for a second term?
a. | He wanted to spend time with his
family | c. | He thought he could not win because
of the chaos and protests around the country | b. | He wanted to retire to
Texas | d. | His wife would no let him run
again |
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