HIS CW-8 SPUTNIK

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HIS CW-8 SPUTNIK

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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

The Soviet atomic bomb gives started an arms race between the U.S. and the Soviets. Who was going to have the most powerful military? After the Soviets were the first to put a satellite into space a space race between the “Super Powers” started.Now the U.S. and the Soviets had thousands of missiles pointed at each other. Any promising technological advances are overshadowed by the threat of long-range nuclear destruction.
DUCK & COVER
In August 1949, the United States finds itself shocked to discover the Soviet Union has broken Washington's atomic monopoly. The new Soviet bomb was developed quickly, thanks to the acquisition of U.S. atomic secrets by Soviet agents. The bomb also signals the start of the nuclear arms race between the Cold War rivals.
By 1952, the United States develops and tests the first hydrogen bomb. The Soviets match that milestone several years later. Meanwhile, American children watch as bomb shelters are dug in their backyards and learn in school to "duck and cover" should nuclear bombs fall in their neighborhoods

The arms race was ...

a.	a competition between the U.S. and Russia to see who had the best boxers	c.	a race to see who would have the best scientists.
b.	a race between the U.S. and the Soviets to see who had the superior military	d.	a race to see who would be superior in space, U.S. or the Soviets

Why did American children practice “duck and cover” in school during the 1950’s

a.	Americans were worried about natural disasters like earthquakes	c.	Americans were worried about Soviet nuclear attacks
b.	It had been a part of the fire safety program in schools for years	d.	This was a way that the government had to frighten the population so they would okay more money for defense.

What was the Washington monopoly that the Soviets broke?

a.	a spy ring in the U.S. State Department	c.	civil defense procedures like, “duck and cover.
b.	the U.S. was the only nation to have atomic weapons in the early 50’s	d.	American military codes that enabled Russia to listen to our secrets

SPUTNIK
In 1952, Dwight Eisenhower was elected to succeed Harry Truman as U.S. president. Less than a year later, Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin was dead, starting a power struggle among the Kremlin leadership. In 1955, Eisenhower met with a Soviet delegation in Geneva and proposed an "Open Skies" policy -- giving both sides the freedom to fly over each other's territory and observe for themselves military developments on the ground. Nikita Khrushchev, then emerging as top Soviet leader, announced his delegation's refusal.
Soviet engineers, meanwhile, had been busy developing missile technology. They tested the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile in May 1957. And on October 4 of that year they surprised the world by launching Sputnik -- the world's first satellite.

President Eisenhower proposed to the Soviets that both sides be allowed to fly over the other sides territory so neither side would have to worry about a surprise attack. What was the policy called?.

a.	Open Sky Policy	c.	Eisenhower Doctrine
b.	Truman Doctrine	d.	Cold War Policy

What did intercontinental ballistic missiles allow the Soviets to do?

a.	Knock down any incoming American missiles	c.	The Soviets could attack Europe but not the U.S.
b.	Improve their domestic economy	d.	The Soviets could now hit the U.S. with atomic weapons

Which statement below is False?

a.	In the early 50’s the Soviets seemed to be ahead of the U.S. in space technology	c.	The Soviets were the first to put a satellite in space
b.	The U.S. was not concerned about Soviet scientific advances because we had a superior military.	d.	The Soviets were the first to launch develop an intercontinental missile

After the death of Stalin in 1953, who was emerging as the new Soviet leader?

a.	Joseph Stalin	c.	No one, because of the power struggle
b.	V.I. Lenin	d.	Nikita Kruschev

CATCH-UP
Sputnik came as a shock to the West and especially the United States, which realized the Soviets now had the ability to send not only satellites around the world, but nuclear weapons as well. The U.S. military tried to push forward with its own satellite, called Vanguard, but the first attempt to launch Vanguard was a spectacular failure. Eventually, with the help of German scientist Werner von Braun, the Explorer satellite was fired into space on top of a military Redstone missile.

Krushchev and Nixon in the Kitchen Debate

In 1959, Khrushchev became the first Soviet leader to visit the United States. While he and Eisenhower spent part of the visit discussing ways to slow the arms race, Khrushchev's visit is best remembered for his ideological sparring with then-U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon. Krushchev and Nixon argued about the superiority of the Soviet or U.S. political system. In this debate Krushchev made the famous statement, “We will bury you.”

Early attempts by the U.S. to catch up to the Russians in missile technology were

a.	successful because of Vanguard	c.	a failure
b.	showed our superiority in technology	d.	showed that the Soviets had the atomic bomb but no way to deliver it to the U.S.

In 1959, _____ was president of the United States and _____ was vice president.

a.	Eisenhower - Nixon	c.	Khrushchev - Eisenhower
b.	Nixon - Eisenhower	d.	Eisenhower - Von Braun

10.

What did Eisenhower and Krushchev discuss on his visit to the U.S. in 1959?

a.	Ways to slow the technology developments	c.	The division of Germany
b.	Ways to slow the arms race	d.	Ways to use German scientists to slow the arms race

11.

In his visit to the U.S. in 1959, Krushchev demonstrated

a.	that the Soviet System was inferior	c.	fear of another nuclear war with the U.S.
b.	confidence in the superiority of Soviet Technology	d.	fear of superior American technology

12.

Soviet rockets are to Sputnik as Redstone is to _____

a.	Khrushchev	c.	Sputnik
b.	Von Braun	d.	Explorer

Francis Gary Powers and the U-2 spy plane

U-2
Eisenhower was concerned about how big the "missile gap" was between the United States and Soviet Union. U.S. reconnaissance planes, designated U-2s, secretly flew over the U.S.S.R., looking for evidence of missiles. On one such mission, a U-2 was shot down by the Soviet military.
Despite U.S. denials, the Soviets presented as evidence the plane's wreckage -- as well as its pilot, Francis Gary Powers, who had survived the shoot-down. Khrushchev and Eisenhower were scheduled to meet in Paris for a Summit meeting to talk about ways to ease Cold War tensions. The U-2 incident undermined a Paris summit several weeks later between Khrushchev and Eisenhower and Khrushchev refused to go. Powers was sentenced to prison but was later exchanged for a Soviet spy

13.

Why did the U.S. send U-2 planes over the Soviet Union

a.	to learn about Soviet missiles.	c.	to promote peace
b.	to promote goodwill	d.	to prepare for a U.S. attack on the Soviet Union

14.

What is a summit meeting?

a.	A meeting at the United Nations	c.	A meeting between leaders at Summit, Switzerland
b.	A meeting between the heads of states to discuss some issue	d.	A meeting between members of Congress

15.

What was U-2?

a.	A rock music group	c.	A Russian Spy plane
b.	A united summit between 2 people	d.	An American Spy plane

16.

How did the Russians treat Francis Gary Powers after he was shot down?

a.	Tried him as a spy and put him in prison	c.	Released him to ease tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
b.	Tried him as a spy and executed him	d.	Exiled him to Russian Siberia

17.

Eisenhower was to the United States as Khrushchev was to ________

a.	the space program	c.	the Soviet Union
b.	the U-2 spy plane	d.	Francis Gary Powers

DISASTER/TRIUMPH
At the time, the United States thought the Soviet Union was far ahead in rocket and space technology. In fact, it was later learned that the Soviets were not so far ahead as thought. Khrushchev feared the American U-2 flights had exposed his claims of missile superiority as a bluff. At the Baikonur Cosmodrome, engineers under the command of Marshal Nedelin were ordered to create a new missile. During the rush to production, a fire erupted -- killing nearly 200 people.
While the Soviets were behind in the missile race, they still had one card to play: Yuri Gagarin. On April 12, 1961, Gagarin achieved international acclaim when he became the first human to be launched into space.

18.

What country was first to put a man in space?

a.	United States	c.	Soviet Union
b.	Germany	d.	Great Britain

19.

In 1960 which country was ahead in missile and space technology?

a.	Soviet Union	c.	Germany
b.	United States	d.	No one was ahead

20.

How did the U.S. learn that the Soviets were having problems with their space program?

a.	pictures of the Soviet Union taken from the U-2 spy planes	c.	Time magazine reports that Yuri Gagarin died along with 200 people at a Soviet space disaster
b.	the spy work of Alger Hiss	d.	The Soviets were not having problems with their space program