CST US HISTORY REVIEW

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CST US HISTORY REVIEW - Schneemann

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

What effect did the Enlightenment have on political thought in the colonies?

a.	Colonial leaders began extending voting rights to all citizens.	c.	Colonial leaders began advocating the adoption of a state-supported church.
b.	The First Continental Congress determined a need for a federal bill of rights	d.	Colonists began to question the authority of the British monarchy.

The Declaration of Independence elaborates on
the Enlightenment idea of

a.	natural rights	c.	religious freedom
b.	collective ownership	d.	political equality

Which of the following belongs in the empty box above?

a.	The Missouri Compromise	c.	The Federalist papers
b.	The Great Compromise	d.	The Articles of Confederation

Key decisions of the Supreme Court under the leadership of John Marshall Solidified the power of the Supreme Court to

a.	try cases between states	c.	try cases involving foreign diplomats
b.	accept appeals from lower federal courts	d.	review the constitutionality of state and federal laws

The acquisition of an American overseas empire during the late 1890s created legal

controversies concerning the

a.	power of the government to make and ratify peace treaties	c.	Constitutional rights of the inhabitants of the new American territories
b.	role of the President as Commander in Chief.	d.	rights of American businesses to operate in the territories.

During the late 19th century, the above sequence of events resulted in the

a.	disfranchisement of most African Americans in the South.	c.	strengthening of the Republican Party in the South
b.	movement to repeal the 14th Amendment to the Constitution.	d.	expansion of free public education to all children.

Which shaded area on the map was least industrialized in the second half of the 1800s?

a.	area A	c.	area C
b.	area B	d.	area D

The railroad building boom during the nineteenth century contributed to

a.	increasing agricultural production in the Northeast.	c.	dramatic population decreases in Southern cities
b.	the establishment of trade relations with Mexico	d.	the rapid industrialization of the United States

The First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s was primarily a

a.	movement to increase colonial loyalty to the British monarchy	c.	process of assimilating immigrants into colonial American culture
b.	revival of evangelical religion that spread through the colonies.	d.	period of economic prosperity brought about by colonial trade

10.

Lord Baltimore established the Maryland
colony in response to

a.	Spanish attempts to seize lands along the Chesapeake Bay.	c.	the growing demand for cotton in English textile mills.
b.	the overcrowding of England’s large industrial centers.	d.	discrimination against Roman Catholics in England.

11.

The primary religious issue of the 1960 presidential election in the United States was

a.	the Catholic faith of John F. Kennedy	c.	the teaching of creationism in public schools
b.	Richard Nixon’s upbringing as a Quaker.	d.	the Mormonism of George Romney

12.

Which religious group has had the greatest increase in membership due to the increasing immigration from Latin American countries to the United States over the last fifty years?

a.	Catholics	c.	Jews
b.	Muslims	d.	Protestants

13.

The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, prohibiting the federal government from making any law “respecting an establishment of religion,” was one response to the

a.	attempts by Maryland to make Catholicism the official state religion	c.	religious persecution exhibited by the Church of England
b.	increasing number of Puritans arriving in the country	d.	antireligious sentiments expressed during the Great Awakening.

14.

Which of the following was an effect of the publication of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
(1906)?

a.	It aided the growth of federal social services.	c.	It influenced the passage of the Meat Inspection Act
b.	It contributed to the development of settlement houses.	d.	It led to the development of child labor laws

15.

The Americanization movement of the early twentieth century sought to

a.	assimilate ethnic immigrant groups into the dominant culture.	c.	protect domestic businesses from foreign competition
b.	restrict the military involvement of the United States in foreign conflicts.	d.	diminish the role of government in the regulation of industry.

16.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, urban immigrants generally supported local political machines that

a.	discouraged the new immigrants from participating in civic affairs.	c.	provided essential services to the immigrants
b.	were usually supported by urban reformers	d.	reminded immigrants of political practices in their homelands

17.

The muckraking journalists associated with the Progressive Era were known primarily for their

a.	willingness to expose the corruption of U.S. society	c.	use of the media to advocate the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment
b.	articles supporting the economic benefits of laissez-faire economics	d.	support for the formation of U.S. military alliances with European countries

18.

Ford’s production of Model Ts in the early 20th century demonstrated the economic
relationship between specialization and

a.	reduced labor demand.	c.	higher production costs
b.	greater efficiencies in production	d.	decreased union organization

19.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the U.S. government attempted to facilitate the growth of domestic industry by

a.	placing high tariff barriers on foreign imports	c.	repealing the Sherman Antitrust Act
b.	encouraging the growth of labor unions.	d.	providing subsidies to small businesses

20.

How did the growth of U.S. manufacturing affect the country’s international relations
during the late nineteenth century?

a.	Increasing industrial production led to support for an isolationist foreign policy.	c.	Increasing demand for markets contributed to support for an Open Door policy in China.
b.	Increasing demand for natural resources led to the U.S. acquisition of African colonies.	d.	Increasing need for trading partners encouraged the United States to lower tariff rates

21.

The followers of the Social Gospel movement believed that organized religion must place greater emphasis on

a.	society	c.	supporting the Populist Party
b.	raising funds	d.	stopping immigration to the United States

22.

During President Theodore Roosevelt’s administration, Congress gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to

a.	enforce legislation regulating railroad rates	c.	impose lower import tariffs on foreign goods
b.	construct a national canal system	d.	mint a national currency

23.

In 1900 the United States declared an Open Door Policy that reflected which of the following beliefs?

a.	The Chinese were secretly negotiating trade privileges with European countries	c.	All countries should have equal trading rights in China
b.	Japan might conquer China and cut off all foreign trade	d.	American consumers would be hurt by international trade.

24.

The United States supported a revolution in Panama at the turn of the 20th century in order to

a.	stop human rights abuses in Latin American countries.	c.	secure the right to build a canal through Central America
b.	prevent the spread of communism in Latin America	d.	end European colonialism in Central America

25.

Theodore Roosevelt’s “Speak softly and carry a big stick” policy relied on the United States having a

a.	competitive economy	c.	strong navy
b.	system of military alliances	d.	tax on imports.

26.

What did the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine state?

a.	The United States would permanently station troops in the Philippines and other Pacific islands.	c.	The United States had the right and duty to expand its colonial possessions in Asia
b.	The United States reserved the right to intervene in the affairs of Central America and the Caribbean	d.	The United States would provide military aid to Europe to resist communism

27.

The Espionage Act of 1918 included punishments for speaking or writing “disloyal, scurrilous or abusive language about the American form of government, the Constitution, the armed forces, or the flag. . . . ” —The Espionage Act of 1918

The passage and the enforcement of the Espionage Act by the Wilson administration reflected the belief that the

a.	Fourteenth Amendment permitted suspending the Bill of Rights in wartime	c.	public should be shielded from hearing about the reality of the war.
b.	nation’s war effort would be threatened if dissenters were allowed free speech	d.	other countries at war had already curtailed civil liberties

28.

The “Red Scare” in the United States immediately following World War I was a reaction to

a.	President Wilson’s attempts to include the U.S. in the League of Nations.	c.	a perceived threat of a communist revolution in the United States.
b.	the perceived growth of organized crime in major urban areas.	d.	a rise in the number of immigrants from Germany

29.

Which action belongs in the empty box above as it relates to World War I?

a.	The U.S. Senate approves a military alliance with Great Britain.	c.	The U.S. Senate fails to pass the Selective Service Act
b.	The U.S. Senate refuses to ratify the Treaty of Versailles	d.	The U.S. Senate authorizes the use of troops in Europe

30.

Marcus Garvey’s program in the 1920s emphasized

a.	vocational training	c.	integration into mainstream society
b.	a back-to-Africa movement	d.	separate-but-equal doctrines

31.

What organization was formed in the 1920s to ensure that the individual rights of citizens were protected from government abuse?

a.	House Un-American Activities Committee	c.	American Liberty League
b.	American Civil Liberties Union	d.	United Services Organization

32.

Marcus Garvey’s “Back to Africa” movement and the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) were both early-twentieth-century responses to

a.	the passage of more restrictive immigration laws.	c.	the practice of racial discrimination in the United States
b.	the growth of communism in the South.	d.	the desegregation of World War I combat units

33.

Why did the number of votes cast in the U.S. Presidential election rise by 8.2 million from 1916 to 1920?

a.	The Nineteenth Amendment gave millions of women the right to vote.	c.	Demobilization of the military released millions of men for voting.
b.	The people were excited about voting on the issue of Prohibition.	d.	Warren G. Harding’s call for “normalcy” energized the voters.

34.

Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes had which of the following in common?

a.	They were leaders involved with the 1960s civil rights movement.	c.	They were writers associated with the Harlem Renaissance
b.	They were initial members of President Franklin Roosevelt’s Black Cabinet.	d.	They were outspoken opponents to U.S. involvement in Vietnam

35.

The primary objective of Harlem Renaissance writers was to

a.	encourage militant protest among African Americans.	c.	improve literacy rates among African Americans.
b.	support educational programs for African Americans.	d.	generate pride in African-American culture

36.

Which of these was an outgrowth of mass production techniques used during the 1920s?

a.	an increase in the advertising industry	c.	an increase in environmental protection laws
b.	a decrease in the need for female workers	d.	a decrease in demand for unionization

37.

Why did industrialists oppose the increased coinage of silver during the nineteenth century?

a.	It would have led to greater political power for southern states.	c.	It would have made it more difficult to secure business loans
b.	It would have caused economic inflation	d.	It would have limited the amount of money in circulation.

38.

Early in the Depression, the Hoover Administration established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to

a.	make direct grants to unemployed workers.	c.	purchase American manufactured goods for export to foreign markets
b.	loan money to banks, insurance companies, and other depressed businesses.	d.	guarantee a minimum income to all of the nation’s farmers.

39.

Which event most contributed to the establishment of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)?

a.	the Panic of 1893	c.	the Teapot Dome Scandal
b.	the formation of the Standard Oil Trust	d.	the 1929 crash of the stock market

40.

Franklin Roosevelt’s immediate response to the banking crisis after becoming president was to

a.	declare a bank holiday that closed banks in the United States for several days.	c.	establish the Federal Reserve to reduce the possibility of another bank emergency.
b.	nationalize the banks to ensure they were following federal regulations.	d.	borrow money from foreign banks to support the U.S. banking industry.

41.

To many Californians, the arrival of the Dust Bowl refugees of the mid-1930s represented

a.	a welcome addition to the labor force.	c.	new markets for California businesses.
b.	a source of much-needed capital investment	d.	unwanted additions to the ranks of the unemployed.

42.

Social Security was a New Deal program designed to

a.	foster the growth of trade unions	c.	give direct aid to American businesses.
b.	promote recovery through economic development.	d.	provide a minimum retirement income

43.

Many business groups opposed the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in the 1930s on the grounds that it

a.	unfairly competed with private power companies.	c.	did not treat its electric customers equally.
b.	charged too much for the electricity it sold.	d.	generated electricity with obsolete methods and equipment.

44.

What New Deal program employed large numbers of artists and writers during the Great Depression?

a.	National Recovery Administration (NRA)	c.	Works Progress Administration (WPA)
b.	Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA)	d.	National Youth Administration (NYA)

45.

Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date that will live in infamy. . . . —President Franklin Roosevelt, December 8, 1941
What was President Roosevelt referring to in his speech?

a.	a police attack on strikers in Detroit	c.	an explosion in a West Virginia coal mine
b.	the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor	d.	the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange

46.

Japanese attempts to create an empire prior to World War II were in conflict with the U.S. goal of

a.	maintaining an open trade policy in Asia.	c.	establishing a military presence in China
b.	gaining a sphere of influence in Asia.	d.	creating a military alliance with China

47.

During World War II, what was the primary duty of the Navajo Code Talkers?

a.	interpreting confiscated German battle plans	c.	translating confidential Japanese communications
b.	transmitting secret messages to U.S. forces during combat	d.	informing the press about the number of Allied war casualties

48.

In comparison to the earlier conferences at Casablanca and Teheran, the meetings at Yalta and Potsdam were more focused upon

a.	postwar issues	c.	long-term military planning.
b.	military supply issues	d.	technological developments

49.

The U.S. Congress passed a series of neutrality acts beginning in August 1935 in response to

a.	British requests to blockade German ports.	c.	the German invasion of Poland.
b.	American antiwar sentiment.	d.	the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor

50.

In 1944, the Supreme Court upheld the internment of Japanese Americans residing on the West Coast by ruling that the actions were

a.	part of an international agreement with U.S. allies.	c.	allowed under the Fourteenth Amendment.
b.	approved by both houses of Congress.	d.	necessary for national security.

51.

Partly because Japanese Americans living on the West Coast during World War II were considered security risks, they were

a.	forced to give up their U.S. citizenship.	c.	moved from their homes to internment camps
b.	barred from military service throughout the war.	d.	prohibited by law from seeking employment with the federal government.

52.

The purpose of the Manhattan Project was to

a.	provide economic aid to Latin American countries.	c.	bring about an end to poverty in U.S. urban areas.
b.	develop atomic weapons for the U.S. military.	d.	offer assistance to relocated European refugees.

53.

The purpose of the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was to

a.	use tariffs to restrict international trade with communist countries.	c.	encourage countries to repay war debts by increasing tariffs.
b.	raise money through tariffs to rebuild Europe after World War II.	d.	expand international trade by mutual reduction of tariffs.

54.

The United Nations statement of principles was based on the belief that

a.	the development of nuclear weapons must be closely monitored.	c.	an international peacekeeping organization could settle disputes without warfare.
b.	Germany must be punished by being forced to pay war reparations.	d.	a strong military alliance was needed to prevent the emergence of new fascist dictators

55.

President Eisenhower supported the establishment of the Southeast Asia Treaty
Organization (SEATO) as an attempt to

a.	assist nationalist movements in Asian countries.	c.	restrict communist aggression in Asian countries.
b.	counter British attempts to establish colonies in Asia.	d.	initiate programs for the protection of human rights in Asia

56.

Which of these was a cause of the Korean War?

a.	NATO air and naval forces blocked ships sailing to North Korea	c.	United Nations inattention allowed guerrillas to infiltrate South Korea.
b.	North Korean forces, with Soviet approval, invaded South Korea.	d.	Widespread anti-colonial riots forced the Korean government to begin the war

57.

Which of these was a formal statement of intention of the United States to aid any
country threatened by communist aggression?

a.	Truman Doctrine	c.	Alliance for Progress
b.	Marshall Plan	d.	Vietnamization

58.

Which of these events was the closest the United States and the Soviet Union actually came to fighting each other during the Cold War?

a.	Suez Crisis, 1956	c.	Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
b.	Bay of Pigs, 1961	d.	Gulf of Tonkin, 1964

59.

The Truman Doctrine was a pledge on the part of the United States to help Greece and Turkey

a.	avoid engaging in a war over oil reserves.	c.	resist the spread of communism in the region.
b.	recover land they had lost during World War II.	d.	prosecute captured military leaders for war crimes.

60.

What factor would be considered most responsible for the employment trend depicted in the chart?

a.	the increasing use of technology	c.	the establishment of a restrictive immigration policy
b.	the issuance of an isolationist trade policy	d.	the initiation of extensive farm subsidy programs

61.

The federal government initiated the bracero program during World War II in an effort to

a.	restore the agricultural industry in the Plains states	c.	address the urgent need for agricultural laborers.
b.	provide financial support for irrigation projects.	d.	increase the revenue of crop producers

62.

During the second half of the twentieth century, the largest source of labor in California agriculture was

a.	unemployed Midwestern industrial workers	c.	displaced workers from the Plains states
b.	relocated Southern sharecroppers.	d.	immigrants from Mexico

63.

One reason labor union leaders opposed the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947 was that the act

a.	placed a limit on wage rates	c.	forced the consolidation of the AFL and CIO unions.
b.	favored big business interests over union interests	d.	placed too much bargaining control in the hands of Congress.

64.

Changes in the balance of power among the three branches of the Federal government during the 20th century have resulted from the

a.	passage of Constitutional Amendments on voting.	c.	loss of the Supreme Court’s power to review Congressional actions.
b.	expansion of executive power during periods of crisis.	d.	revival of the authority of the states.

65.

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression . . .
—Joint Resolution of Congress, August 7, 1964
What effect did the 1964 joint resolution of Congress have regarding the deployment of U.S. troops to Vietnam?

a.	It limited the powers of Congress during time of war.	c.	It authorized the President to send troops into battle.
b.	It limited the power of the President to use U.S. troops overseas.	d.	It granted the President the authority to declare war.

66.

During the last half of the twentieth century, what region of the United States saw a decrease in its population due to a decline in factory jobs?

a.	region A	c.	region C
b.	region B	d.	region D

67.

A major accomplishment of medical science since the end of World War II has been the virtual worldwide elimination of death caused by

a.	malaria.	c.	cholera
b.	smallpox	d.	tuberculosis.

68.

The outstanding record of African Americans who served in the military forces during World War II was one reason President Truman decided in 1948 to

a.	begin drafting African Americans into the armed forces.	c.	create special African-American combat units
b.	order an end to racial segregation in the military.	d.	continue the Tuskegee Airmen program

69.

What effect did the African-American civil rights movement have on other minority groups in the United States?

a.	It brought about anti-discrimination legislation that applied to other groups.	c.	It convinced other groups to create one unified civil rights movement.
b.	The backlash caused other minority groups to limit the use of civil disobedience.	d.	It convinced other groups to minimize the use of protests as a way to end discrimination

70.

The Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

a.	permitted affirmative action in admission to colleges.	c.	outlawed racial segregation in public schools.
b.	ended Bible reading and prayer in public schools.	d.	authorized schools to censor student newspapers

71.

In 1957, President Eisenhower used federal troops in Little Rock, Arkansas, to

a.	eliminate racial discrimination in housing.	c.	integrate the public schools.
b.	allow African Americans to vote in local elections.	d.	admit African Americans to graduate programs.

72.

The successful formation of the United Farm Workers indicated that the ideals of the civil rights movement had influenced the actions of

a.	Native Americans.	c.	Korean Americans
b.	Hispanic Americans	d.	Chinese Americans.

73.

The immigration policies in place since the 1960s have

a.	reinforced the population patterns reflected in the laws of the 1920s.	c.	encouraged immigration from Western European countries.
b.	greatly increased ethnic diversity in American society.	d.	discouraged immigration from Asian countries

74.

The passage of the Immigration Act of 1965 resulted in

a.	the deportation of large numbers of political refugees.	c.	the elimination of an immigration policy based on national origin quotas
b.	an increase in the number of Eastern European immigrants	d.	an increase in the deportation of Asian immigrants.

75.

This administration, today, here and now, declares unconditional war on poverty in America, and I urge this Congress and all Americans to join with me in that effort. —President Lyndon B. Johnson State of the Union Address January 8, 1964
The program President Lyndon B. Johnson created to wage his unconditional war on poverty was the

a.	Alliance for Progress.	c.	Great Society.
b.	Fair Deal	d.	New Deal.